ʻO ke kukui ʻulaʻula "hoʻomaha", ʻo ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo "hele", a ʻo ke kukui melemele ke "hele wikiwiki". He ʻano kaʻa kaʻa kēia a mākou e hoʻomanaʻo nei mai ka wā kamaliʻi, akā ʻike anei ʻoe i ke kumu o kakukui uila uilakoho i ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o nā kala ʻē aʻe?
Ke kala o nā kukui uila
Ua ʻike mākou ʻo ke kukui ʻike ʻia ke ʻano o nā hawewe electromagnetic, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka spectrum electromagnetic hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. No ka ikaika like, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka lūlū ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ka hele ʻana. ʻO nā nalu o nā nalu electromagnetic i ʻike ʻia e nā maka o ka poʻe maʻamau ma waena o 400 a me 760 nanometers, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā nalu o ka mālamalama o nā alapine like ʻole. Ma waena o lākou,ʻo ka nalu nalu o ke kukuiʻulaʻula he 760 ~ 622 nanometers; ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukui melemele he 597 ~ 577 nanometers; ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka nalu o ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo he 577 ~ 492 nanometers. No laila, inā he kukui pōʻai pōʻai a i ʻole ke kukui pua, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kukui uila e like me ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO ka luna a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao hema he kukui ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ke kukui melemele ma waenakonu. Aia ke kumu o kēia hoʻonohonoho - inā ʻaʻole paʻa ka uila a i ʻole ka ikaika o ka lā, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻonohonoho paʻa o nā kukui hōʻailona no ka mea hoʻokele e ʻike, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o ka hoʻokele.
Ka mōʻaukala o nā kukui uila uila
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kukui uila mua loa no nā kaʻaahi ma mua o nā kaʻa. No ka mea, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ka lōʻihi o ka nalu nalu i ka spectrum i ʻike ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma mua o nā kala ʻē aʻe. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kukui hōʻailona no nā kaʻaahi. I ka manawa like, ma muli o kāna mau hiʻohiʻona maka, nui nā moʻomeheu i manaʻo i ka ʻulaʻula he hōʻailona hōʻailona o ka pōʻino.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lua wale nō ma mua o ka melemele ma ke kiko ʻike ʻia, e lilo ia i kala maʻalahi ke ʻike. Ma nā kukui hōʻailona mua, ʻo ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i hōʻike ʻia i ka "ʻōlelo aʻo", ʻoiai ke kala ʻole a i ʻole keʻokeʻo e hōʻike ana i "nā kaʻa āpau".
Wahi a "Railway Signals", he keʻokeʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula nā kala ʻokoʻa o nā kukui hōʻailona. Ua hōʻailona ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka ʻōlelo aʻo, ʻo ke kukui keʻokeʻo e hōʻailona ana ua palekana ke hele, a ua hōʻailona ke kukui ʻulaʻula e kū a kali, e like me kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, ʻike nui ʻia nā kukui hōʻailona kala i ka pō e kūʻē i nā hale ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kukui keʻokeʻo me kekahi mea. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui pū ʻia ka mahina maʻamau, nā kukui, a me nā kukui keʻokeʻo. I kēia hihia, hiki i ka mea hoʻokele ke hana i kahi pōʻino no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo.
ʻO ka manawa hana o ke kukui hōʻailona melemele ʻano lohi, a ʻo kāna mea hana ʻo Hu Ruding China. ʻElua wale nō kala o nā kukui kaʻa mua, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka wā e aʻo ana ʻo Hu Ruding ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kona mau makahiki ʻōpio, e hele wāwae ana ʻo ia ma ke alanui. I ka wā i ʻā ai ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua kokoke ʻo ia e neʻe i mua i ka wā i hala aku ai kahi kaʻa huli ʻana ma ona lā, a hoʻoweliweli iā ia i waho o ke kaʻa. I ka hou anu. No laila, ua hele maiʻo ia me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ke kukui hōʻailona melemele,ʻo ia hoʻi, he melemele kiʻekiʻe-ʻikeʻia me ka hawewe nalu iʻikeʻia kekona wale nō i kaʻulaʻula, a noho ma ke kūlana "'ōlelo aʻo" e hoʻomanaʻo i ka poʻe i ka pōʻino.
I ka makahiki 1968, ua ʻōlelo ka United Nations "Agreement on Road Traffic and Road Signs and Signals" i ke ʻano o nā kukui uila uila. Ma waena o lākou, hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui melemele ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona hōʻailona. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kaʻa e kū ana i ke kukui melemele ke hele i ka laina kū, akā inā kokoke loa ke kaʻa i ka laina kū a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū palekana i ka manawa, hiki iā ia ke komo i ka hui a kali. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia lula ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea i luna ke kala a me ka mōʻaukala o nā kukui uila uila, inā makemake ʻoe i ke kukui uila uila, e ʻoluʻolu e keleponamea hana kukui uila uilaQixiang iheluhelu hou.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Mar-17-2023
