ʻO ke kukui ʻulaʻula he "stop", ʻo ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo he "go", a ʻo ke kukui melemele he "go quickly". He ʻano hana kaʻa kēia a mākou i hoʻopaʻanaʻau ai mai ko mākou wā kamaliʻi, akā ua ʻike anei ʻoe i ke kumu o kakukui uila kaʻakoho i ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi o nā kala ʻē aʻe?
Kala o nā kukui uila ʻālohilohi
Ua ʻike mākou ʻo ke kukui ʻike ʻia he ʻano nalu electromagnetic, ʻo ia ka ʻāpana o ka spectrum electromagnetic i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. No ka ikehu like, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka nalu, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi o ka hiki ke hoʻopuehu ʻia, a ʻo ka mamao o kona hele ʻana. ʻO nā nalu o nā nalu electromagnetic e hiki ai i nā maka o ka poʻe maʻamau ke ʻike ma waena o 400 a me 760 nanometers, a ʻokoʻa hoʻi nā nalu o ke kukui o nā alapine like ʻole. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka laulā nalu o ke kukui ʻulaʻula he 760 ~ 622 nanometers; ʻo ka laulā nalu o ke kukui melemele he 597 ~ 577 nanometers; ʻo ka laulā nalu o ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo he 577 ~ 492 nanometers. No laila, inā he kukui kaʻa pōʻai a i ʻole he kukui kaʻa pua, e hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā kukui uila ma ke ʻano o ka ʻulaʻula, melemele, a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pono ka ʻaoʻao luna a i ʻole ka hema loa he kukui ʻulaʻula, ʻoiai ʻo ke kukui melemele ma waenakonu. Aia ke kumu no kēia hoʻonohonoho - inā paʻa ʻole ka uila a ikaika loa paha ka lā, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻike ʻana o ka mea hoʻokele i ke kauoha paʻa o nā kukui hōʻailona, i mea e hōʻoia ai i ka palekana o ka hoʻokele ʻana.
Ka mōʻaukala o nā kukui uila kaʻa
Ua hoʻolālā ʻia nā kukui uila mua loa no nā kaʻaahi ma mua o nā kaʻa. No ka mea, ʻo ka ʻulaʻula ka lōʻihi loa o ka nalu ma ka spectrum ʻike ʻia, hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma kahi mamao aku ma mua o nā kala ʻē aʻe. No laila, hoʻohana ʻia ia ma ke ʻano he kukui hōʻailona kaʻa no nā kaʻaahi. I ka manawa like, ma muli o kona mau hiʻohiʻona hoihoi, manaʻo nā moʻomeheu he nui i ka ʻulaʻula he hōʻailona hoʻolaha o ka pōʻino.
ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka lua wale nō i ka melemele ma ke ʻano ʻike ʻia, ʻo ia ke kala maʻalahi loa e ʻike ʻia. I nā kukui hōʻailona kaʻaahi mua, ua hōʻike mua ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka "ʻōlelo aʻo", ʻoiai ʻo ke kala ʻole a keʻokeʻo paha e hōʻike ana i "nā kaʻa āpau".
Wahi a "Railway Signals", ʻo nā kala ʻē aʻe mua o nā kukui hōʻailona kaʻaahi he keʻokeʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻulaʻula. Hōʻike ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kahi ʻōlelo aʻo, hōʻike ke kukui keʻokeʻo ua palekana ka hele ʻana, a hōʻike ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ke kū a kali, e like me ia i kēia manawa. Eia nō naʻe, i ka hoʻohana maoli ʻana, ʻike maopopo ʻia nā kukui hōʻailona kala i ka pō e kūʻē i nā hale ʻeleʻele, ʻoiai hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kukui keʻokeʻo me nā mea āpau. No ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka mahina maʻamau, nā ipukukui, a me nā kukui keʻokeʻo pū me ia. I kēia hihia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka manawa e hoʻopilikia ai ka mea hoʻokele no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻokaʻawale maopopo.
Ua lohi iki ka manawa i hana ʻia ai ke kukui hōʻailona melemele, a ʻo Hu Ruding ka mea nāna i hana. ʻElua wale nō kala o nā kukui kaʻa mua, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ke aʻo ʻana o Hu Ruding ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i kona wā ʻōpiopio, e hele ana ʻo ia ma ke alanui. I ka wā i hoʻā ʻia ai ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua kokoke ʻo ia e neʻe i mua i ka wā i hala ai kekahi kaʻa huli ma ona lā, e hoʻoweliweli ana iā ia mai loko mai o ke kaʻa. Me ka hou anu. No laila, ua piʻi mai ʻo ia me ka manaʻo e hoʻohana i ke kukui hōʻailona melemele, ʻo ia hoʻi, he melemele ʻike kiʻekiʻe me ka nalu ʻike ʻia ma hope o ka ʻulaʻula wale nō, a noho ma ke kūlana "ʻōlelo aʻo" e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kānaka i ka pōʻino.
I ka makahiki 1968, ua hoʻoholo ka "ʻaelike ma ke kaʻa alanui a me nā hōʻailona alanui a me nā hōʻailona" o nā Aupuni Hui Pū ʻIa i ke ʻano o nā kukui uila like ʻole. I waena o lākou, hoʻohana ʻia ke kukui hōʻailona melemele ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona aʻo. ʻAʻole hiki i nā kaʻa e kū pono ana i ke kukui melemele ke hele i ka laina kū, akā i ka wā e kokoke loa ai ke kaʻa i ka laina kū a hiki ʻole ke kū palekana i ka manawa kūpono, hiki iā ia ke komo i ke kihi a kali. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia kānāwai ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
ʻO ka mea i luna aʻe ke kala a me ka mōʻaukala o nā kukui uila kaʻa, inā makemake ʻoe i ke kukui uila kaʻa, e hoʻokipa e hoʻokaʻaʻikemea hana kukui uila kaʻaQixiang iheluhelu hou aku.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Malaki-17-2023
