I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Ioka ma waena o ʻEnelani, ua hōʻike nā lole ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā ʻano like ʻole o nā wahine. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka wahine ʻulaʻula ke ʻano ua mare au, ʻoiai ʻo ka wahine ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻaʻole i mare. Ma hope mai, ua hana pinepine ʻia nā ulia kaʻa ma mua o ka hale pāremata ma Lākana, ʻEnelani, no laila ua hoʻoikaika ʻia ka poʻe e nā lole ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ma Dekemaba 10, 1868, ua hānau ʻia ka lālā mua o ka ʻohana kukui hōʻailona ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka hale pāremata ma Lākana. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke pou kukui i hoʻolālā ʻia a hana ʻia e ka mīkini Pelekane ʻo de Hart i kēlā manawa he 7 mika, a ua kau ʻia me kahi kukui kalepa ʻulaʻula a me ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia ke kukui hōʻailona mua ma ke alanui o ke kūlanakauhale.
Ma ke kumu o ke kukui, ua huki kekahi mākaʻi me kahi pou lōʻihi i ke kāʻei e hoʻololi i ke kala o ke kukui i kona makemake. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻokomo ʻia kahi pale kukui kinoea ma waenakonu o ke kukui hōʻailona, a he ʻelua ʻāpana aniani ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua ona. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ua pahū koke ke kukui kinoea, i loaʻa wale no 23 mau lā, a pio ihola, a pepehi ihola i kahi mākaʻi e hana ana.
Mai ia manawa, ua pāpā ʻia nā kukui uila o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole a hiki i ka makahiki 1914 i alakaʻi ai ʻo Cleveland ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā kukui uila, akā ua lilo mua ia i "kukui hōʻailona uila". Ma hope mai, ua ʻike hou ʻia nā kukui uila ma nā kūlanakauhale e like me New York a me Chicago.
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻano halihali like ʻole a me nā pono o ke kauoha kaʻa, ua hānau ʻia ke kukui ʻekolu kala maoli mua (nā hōʻailona ʻulaʻula, melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo) i ka makahiki 1918. He mea hoʻolele kiʻi poepoe ʻekolu kala ia, i hoʻokomo ʻia ma kahi hale kiaʻi ma ke Alanui ʻElima ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nu Ioka. Ma muli o kona hānau ʻia ʻana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi nui ʻia ke kaʻa o ke kūlanakauhale.
ʻO Hu ruding o Kina ka mea nāna i hana i ke kukui hōʻailona melemele. Me ka makemake e "hoʻōla i ka ʻāina ma o ka ʻepekema", ua hele ʻo ia i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa no ke aʻo hou ʻana a hana ma ke ʻano he limahana o ka General Electric Company o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, kahi i lilo ai ʻo Edison, ka mea hana nui, i luna hoʻomalu. I kekahi lā, kū ʻo ia ma kahi huina alanui paʻahana e kali ana i ke kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I kona ʻike ʻana i ke kukui ʻulaʻula a kokoke e hala, ua hala kekahi kaʻa e huli ana me kahi leo wili, ka mea i hoʻomakaʻu iā ia i ka hou anu. I kona hoʻi ʻana i ka hale moe, ua noʻonoʻo hou ʻo ia, a ma hope ua noʻonoʻo e hoʻohui i kahi kukui hōʻailona melemele ma waena o nā kukui ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo e hoʻomanaʻo i nā kānaka e makaʻala i ka pōʻino. Ua ʻae koke ʻia kāna manaʻo e nā ʻaoʻao pili. No laila, ua pālahalaha nā kukui hōʻailona ʻulaʻula, melemele a me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ma ke ʻano he ʻohana hōʻailona kauoha piha, ma ke kahua o ka halihali ʻāina, kai a me ka lewa.
Ua ʻike ʻia nā kukui kaʻa mua loa ma Kina ma ka ʻāina Pelekane ma Shanghai i ka makahiki 1928. Mai ke kāʻei lima mua loa a hiki i ka mana uila i nā makahiki 1950, mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mana kamepiula a hiki i ka nānā ʻana i ka manawa uila hou, ua hoʻonui mau ʻia, hoʻomohala ʻia a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia nā kukui kaʻa i ka ʻepekema a me ka automation.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Iulai-01-2022
